Risk Score
Pending analysis
Investment Range
$549,100 - $1,604,700
Min Cash Required
$175,000
Total US Locations
1,085
Business Summary
DQ Treat stores are retail quick service food establishments from which American Dairy Queen Corporation franchisees sell trademarked Dairy Queen soft-serve, treat products, beverage menu items, and a limited number of approved food items. These stores operate under either the DQ/Orange Julius trade name for captive-venue locations such as malls and airports, or the DQ/Dairy Queen trade name for street locations like freestanding buildings or strip malls.
Corporate History
American Dairy Queen Corporation, known as ADQ, was incorporated in 1962 in Delaware. However, the Dairy Queen business and its predecessors have a history dating back to 1940. ADQ currently operates under the trade names "Dairy Queen" and "DQ" and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of International Dairy Queen, Inc. (IDQ), which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, Inc. In November 2021, ADQ acquired the Orange Julius franchise system, integrating it into its operations.
Financial Overview
Investment Range
$549,100 - $1,604,700
Franchise Fee (High)
$25,000
Minimum Cash Required
$175,000
Royalty %
5%
Marketing %
5%
Equipment Costs (Low)
$455,000
Equipment Costs (High)
$1,290,000
Working Capital
$98,000
Audited Financials
Yes
Offers Financing
No
Audit Opinion
Unqualified opinion
Financial Health Notes
International Dairy Queen (IDQ), the parent company guaranteeing American Dairy Queen Corporation's obligations, demonstrates generally stable financial health. IDQ has shown consistent revenue and net income growth over the past three years, with total revenues reaching $257.6 million and net income of $97.8 million in 2024. Cash provided by operating activities remains strong, at $105.6 million in 2024. However, IDQ's retained earnings show a deficit, which has increased from $56.2 million in 2023 to $68.4 million in 2024, due to dividends paid to its parent company, Berkshire Hathaway, Inc., exceeding net income. Despite this, the company's long-lived assets (goodwill and intangibles) have not been impaired, and the financial statements received an unqualified audit opinion, indicating no material misstatements.
Financing Details
Dairy Queen generally does not offer direct financing to its franchisees. This means that American Dairy Queen Corporation and its affiliates will not finance any part of the initial franchise fee or provide loans for site acquisition, equipment, or leasehold improvements. However, Dairy Queen may help franchisees by connecting them with third-party finance companies or banks that offer financing programs. These arrangements typically involve American Dairy Queen Corporation merely facilitating contact with financing sources, rather than setting the loan amounts, terms, interest rates, or durations. Dairy Queen does not receive any payments for these referrals. Franchisees are solely responsible for securing their own financing through these external sources.
Performance Metrics
Total US Locations
1,085
Franchised Units
1,085
Corporate Units
0
Avg Square Footage
1,200
Franchising Since
1962
Legal & Compliance Analysis
Recent Litigation
Yes
Bankruptcy
No
Litigation Count
8
Litigation Summary
Dairy Queen has been involved in a total of eight litigation cases disclosed in Item 3. Four cases are currently pending, all filed between October 2021 and February 2025. These pending cases include disputes with franchisees over territory rights and the requirement to sign new agreements, allegations of zero-tolerance public health and safety violations (such as the use of rerun soft-serve mix or unapproved supplies) leading to termination attempts, and claims of breach of contract related to transfer processes. Four cases were concluded between 2017 and 2020, involving issues such as alleged encroachment, franchisee defaults, and marketing fund disputes, all of which were resolved through settlement agreements.
Bankruptcy History
Dairy Queen has no bankruptcy history to report.
Agreement Terms
Initial Term
15 years
Renewal Term
15 years
Renewal Conditions
To renew their DQ Treat franchise, franchisees must notify American Dairy Queen Corporation in writing 3 to 6 months before their agreement expires. They must be in good standing, meaning they have paid all their fees on time and have no history of significant violations of the franchise agreement. Franchisees also need to ensure their restaurant facility has been modernized according to current standards and that they have the right to occupy the premises for the entire renewal period. A non-refundable renewal fee, calculated as $1,000 per year of the renewal term up to a maximum of $10,000, must be paid. Finally, the franchisee and all principal owners must sign a general legal release, and American Dairy Queen Corporation must approve the restaurant's location for the renewed term. Franchisees should be aware that the new renewal agreement may have different terms and potentially higher fees.
Training & Support Program
Franchisor Assistance
American Dairy Queen Corporation provides comprehensive support to its franchisees. Before opening, DQ Treat franchisees receive assistance with design information or prototypical plans, advice on selecting a contractor, and help with construction bids and equipment installation if they opt for construction consultation services. They also get lists of approved equipment and access to a mandatory training program. For ongoing support, Dairy Queen offers up to 24 person-days of on-site pre-opening and opening assistance, and regularly updates its Operations Manual with standards and procedures. Franchisees receive updated lists of approved products and access to an in-restaurant training program for their employees. American Dairy Queen Corporation also organizes periodic franchisee meetings and manages advertising and sales promotion activities for the DQ system.
Initial Training Hours
174
Training Location
DQ® locations (franchisee or affiliate-owned) for Phases 1 & 2, and ADQ's franchisee support center in Minneapolis, MN for Phase 3
Ongoing Support
American Dairy Queen Corporation provides various forms of ongoing support after a DQ Treat store opens. This includes regularly updating the Operations Manual with new standards and procedures, publishing updated lists of approved products, ingredients, services, and equipment, and making available an in-restaurant training program for franchisee employees. American Dairy Queen Corporation also holds or sponsors periodic meetings for franchisees. Additionally, it establishes and organizes sales promotion activities for the DQ system, and franchisees can participate in advisory councils like the Franchise Advisory Council and Supply Chain Advisory Council to provide input.
Franchise Requirements
Industry Experience Required
No
Management Experience Required
No
Sales Experience Required
No
Technical Skills Required
No
Operational Details
Location Type
retail
Owner Participation
supervisory
Territory Type
Non-Exclusive
Territory Size Requirements
Dairy Queen does not grant franchisees any minimum area or territory rights. This means that DQ Treat franchisees do not receive an exclusive territory and may face competition from other Dairy Queen franchisees, company-owned outlets, or other distribution channels controlled by American Dairy Queen Corporation. The franchise is granted for a single, authorized location only, without any defined geographic boundaries or population minimums for the franchisee to operate within.
Staffing Notes
For a DQ Treat franchise, American Dairy Queen Corporation requires that the restaurant be operated under active and continuous supervision. Each first-time franchisee must have a Designated Manager and one Assistant Manager who have completed American Dairy Queen Corporation's required training before starting their management duties. For franchisees opening additional locations, only a Designated Manager is required. These managers are expected to dedicate their full time and attention to the day-to-day operations of the restaurant. Franchisees are solely responsible for hiring all other restaurant employees, determining their terms of employment, compensation, scheduling, benefits, and disciplinary actions, without influence from American Dairy Queen Corporation. Franchisees must ensure all employees wear approved uniforms and implement an employee training program that meets American Dairy Queen Corporation's standards. The overall staff must be sufficient to operate the restaurant in compliance with the company's standards at all times.